Фразовые глаголы "give up" и "give in" могут сбить с толку.
Иногда кажется, что они похожи, а иногда - что они совершенно разные. Отчасти это объясняется тем, что (как и многие фразовые глаголы) они имеют несколько значений. В этой статье мы постараемся внести ясность.
1. TO GIVE UP
Значения:
- Перестать пытаться.
- Перестать верить.
- Перестать делать то, что вы обычно делаете.
- Позволить кому-то взять то, что принадлежит вам.
Примеры:
1. Stop trying (to do something you really want to do):
- Joe gave up learning to cook after he almost burned the house down. (=he caused a fire in the kitchen and decided to stop learning to cook.)
- The English teacher gave up trying to teach the present perfect. (=after months of trying, the students still didn’t understand, so he stopped trying.)
2. Stop believing / lose hope:
- I’ve given up on finding a girlfriend. (=he no longer believes he can find a girlfriend.)
- Trump? Yes, I used to be a fan but now I’ve given up on him. (=she no longer believes Trump will be a good president.)
3. To let go of a habit:
- Tony finally gave up smoking and drinking. (=he has stopped smoking and drinking, permanently.)
- I’ve given up chocolate for Lent. (=she won’t eat chocolate during Lent, which is the 40 days before Easter.)
4. To let go of something that was yours:
- Andrew gladly gave up his seat to the attractive redhead. (=he had a seat on the train but stood up to allow the woman to sit there.)
- Andrew reluctantly gave up his seat to the pregnant woman.
- Mr. Smith gave up his inheritance. (=he was due to get some money but he said he didn’t want it. Don’t ask me why.)
2. TO GIVE IN
Значения:
- Перестать бороться/поддаться давлению.
- Перестать контролировать чувство.
- Отдать кому-то документ.
Примеры:
1. Submit to pressure:
- After what felt like hours of their daughter crying, the parents gave in and bought her a toy. (=the little brat cried and cried, demanding a toy, and her stupid parents finally said ‘okay’.)
2. Stop controlling a feeling:
- After losing his family to a tragic accident, he gave in to despair. (=despair is like ‘extreme sadness’. He tried to control his sadness, but it was too much for him.)
3. Give a document to someone:
- I gave my project in five minutes before the deadline.
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