Фразовые глаголы "give up" и "give in" могут сбить с толку.

Иногда кажется, что они похожи, а иногда - что они совершенно разные. Отчасти это объясняется тем, что (как и многие фразовые глаголы) они имеют несколько значений. В этой статье мы постараемся внести ясность.

1. TO GIVE UP

Значения:

- Перестать пытаться.
- Перестать верить.
- Перестать делать то, что вы обычно делаете.
- Позволить кому-то взять то, что принадлежит вам.

Примеры:

1. Stop trying (to do something you really want to do):

• Joe gave up learning to cook after he almost burned the house down. (=he caused a fire in the kitchen and decided to stop learning to cook.)
• The English teacher gave up trying to teach the present perfect. (=after months of trying, the students still didn’t understand, so he stopped trying.)

2. Stop believing / lose hope:

• I’ve given up on finding a girlfriend. (=he no longer believes he can find a girlfriend.)
• Trump? Yes, I used to be a fan but now I’ve given up on him. (=she no longer believes Trump will be a good president.)

3. To let go of a habit:

• Tony finally gave up smoking and drinking. (=he has stopped smoking and drinking, permanently.)
• I’ve given up chocolate for Lent. (=she won’t eat chocolate during Lent, which is the 40 days before Easter.)

4. To let go of something that was yours:

• Andrew gladly gave up his seat to the attractive redhead. (=he had a seat on the train but stood up to allow the woman to sit there.)
• Andrew reluctantly gave up his seat to the pregnant woman.
• Mr. Smith gave up his inheritance. (=he was due to get some money but he said he didn’t want it. Don’t ask me why.)

2. TO GIVE IN

Значения:

- Перестать бороться/поддаться давлению.
- Перестать контролировать чувство.
- Отдать кому-то документ.

Примеры:

1. Submit to pressure:

• After what felt like hours of their daughter crying, the parents gave in and bought her a toy. (=the little brat cried and cried, demanding a toy, and her stupid parents finally said ‘okay’.)

2. Stop controlling a feeling:

• After losing his family to a tragic accident, he gave in to despair. (=despair is like ‘extreme sadness’. He tried to control his sadness, but it was too much for him.)

3. Give a document to someone:

• I gave my project in five minutes before the deadline.